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Fourth Year Special Degree Course Units
CH 4001- Research project (240P, 8C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: Research project supervised by internal or external
examiner/s.
Assessment: By an interview and dissertation.
Suggested Readings: Literature published on the topic given.
CH 4002 - Seminar and Essay
(3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: Seminar and an essay on a current topic in chemistry.
Assessment: End of semester examination, presentation and interview.
Suggested Readings: Will be announced during the course.
CH 4003 - General Paper (3C)
Dependencies: First year and second year
chemistry core course unites.
Syllabus: Problem solving in chemistry.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Books recommended for first and second year core chemistry units.
CH 4004 - Optional Topics (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: Selected topics in chemistry. Will be announced at the
beginning of the academic year.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Will be announced during the course.
CH 4005 - Advanced Organic Chemistry (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: First year and second year
chemistry core course unites.
Syllabus: Pericyclic Reactions, molecular orbitals of conjugated
polyenes and allyl systems, correlation diagrams, concept of HOMO and LUMO -
Fuki frontier orbital approach., Woodward-Hofman rules,
Dewar-Huckel-Zimmerman aromatic transition state concept; Organic
Photochemistry: Selection rules for
electronic excitation. Electronic states, Quantum yield, excitation sources,
filters, fluorascence and phosphorescence. Photochemistry of carbonyl compounds,
photochemical deconjugation, photochemical additions with and without sensitizer;
Buchi-Paterno reaction. Photoisomerization of C=C, N=N, C=N compounds,
photostationary state, photochromism, photochemistry of aromatic compounds,
Di-p
-methane rearrangment, photoremovable protecting groups in organic synthesis,
resins containing light sensitive chromophores, industrial photochemical
synthsis; Supramolecular chemistry: moleclar recognition, information,
complementarity, Entropic considerations and spontaneity; Spherical recognition,
structural reconition, Molecular receptors for tetrahedral recognition:
dinuclear and polynuclear metal-ion crytates, example for linear recognition;
Supramolecular reactivity and catalysis; Transport processes and carrier design;
Introduction to exoreceptors; Introduction to polymolecular assemblies,
Molecular switches, supramolecular photochemistry, Molecular electronic devices.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Organic chemistry (L.G. Wade Jr.), Solamons organic chemistry (T.W.G. Solamons), Modern Photochemistry (N.J. Turro), Supramolecular Chemistry-an introduction (F. Vögtle), Supramolecular Chemistry (J.M. Lehn).
CH 4006 – Biochemistry (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: First year and second year
chemistry core courses.
Syllabus: Amino acids and proteins, Properties and function of
enzymes, enzyme Kinetics; Extraction and Purification of Proteins. Determination
of sequence of an protein using Chemical and
enzymatic methods. Chemical synthesis of a peptide. Synthesis on a Solid
support. Enzymes as Biological Catalysts. Properties of Enzymes. Importance of
secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
in enzyme catalysis. Enzyme Kinetics; Advance aspects of protein structure:
Active site residues of different enzymes and
their positioning; Bioenergetics: Application of energy relationships and
electrochemistry to biological systems; Function of Coenzymes; Role
of high energy compounds;
Chemical basis for large free energy of “hydrolysis” of ATP,
PEP,1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, Acetyl Coenzyme A; Enzyme catalysis, Metabolic
pathways: Regulation of pathways, Metabolic disorders and
inborn errors of metabolism.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested readings: Biochemistry (A.L. Lehninger), Biochemistry (C.K. Mathews, K.F. vanHolde), Enzyme kinetics and catalysis (S.A. Deraniyagala).
Dependencies: First year and second year
chemistry core course unites.
Syllabus:
Statistical Thermodynamics: statistical states, complexions, axiom of equal
probability of complexions, distribution of molecules/atoms in energy states,
degeneracy, independent identical
distinguishable particles. Sterling's approximation.
Boltzmann distribution. Molecular partition function and interpretation,
translational, vibrational, rotational, electronic and nuclear partition
functions. Corrected boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics.
Specific heats of solids, Einstein, Debye models.
Specific heats of gases. Equilibrium constant, diatomic molecules.
Ortho-para equilibrium. Canonical, microcanonical, and grand canonical
ensembles. Advanced Thermodynamics: Third law of thermodynamics, third law
entropies, standard molar Gibbs function, chemical potential.
Real gases: fugacity, standard states, open systems, partial molar
quantities, Thermodynamics of mixing: colligative properties, mixtures of
volatile liquids, V-P diagrams, distillation, Real solutions, activities;
Photochemistry and Chemical Kinetics: chain reactions, hydrogen/oxygen system.
Explosions; Simple collision theory: effective cross section, Transition State
Theory: Potential energy surfaces, trajectories, comparison with collision
theory, thermodynamic treatment of reaction rate. Reaction dynamics: molecular
beams, IR chemiluminescence. Unimolecular reactions: Lindemann theory,
Hinshelwood modifications, RRK and Slater theories. RRKM theory-basics only,
reactions in solution. Photochemistry: Excitation sources, absorption,
spontaneous and stimulated emissions, principles of laser action; Fates of
excited state: Jablonski diagram, fluorescence, phosphorescence, radiative and
non-radiative transitions, time scales and selection rules, quenching of excited
state, detection techniques, Stern -Volmer plots, collisional diffusional
quenching, delayed fluorescence, Energy transfer: spin and energy requirements,
sensitized irradiation, exciplexes and excimers, chemiluminescence. kinetics of
exciplexes formations and chemiluminescence, Fast reactions and time resolved
methods. Dynamic Electrochemistry: Ion-solvent
interactions, Born model, lattice energy, dielectric constants, solvation. Ion
transport, chemical potential gradient, diffusion. Transport number, ion
mobility, Hiltrof method, moving boundary method, Ion-ion interactions, activity
coefficients, standard states, electrophoretic and relaxation effect, critical
discussion of Debye_Huckel theory, Poison-Boltzmann equation. Electrodics:
double layer,Helmoltz, Gouy-Chapmann and Stern models, Butler-Volmer equation,
electron transfer at interface, exchange current density, overpotential,
concentration overpotential, Tafel plots, polarizability.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Dependencies: First year and second year
chemistry core course unites.
Syllabus: X-ray crystallography: Approximate solution of structure,
intensities to structure factors. Fourier
synthesis. Phase problem, Patterson
synthesis. Heavy atom method.
Direct method. Refinement, R
factor. Fourier refinement.
Least squares refinement. Determination of absolute configurations (Bijvoet
method). Chemical interpretation of
results. Estimation of errors. Effects
of thermal motion, limitations. Phase
problem. Comparison with neutron and electron diffraction. Clusters
and cage molecules: clusters in elemental state. Structure of cluster compounds:
classification, nomenclature. Bonding in clusters: molecular orbital theory,
frontier molecular orbitals, electron deficient clusters; Lipscomb's Styx rules, Polyhedral skeletal electron
pair theory, metal-metal bonds and metal clusters, structure and bonding,
isolable principle, synthetic routes to clusters, reactivity of clusters; Solid
state and surface analytical techniques: Crystal
growth structure, defects and surfaces. Band theory of solids, Surface
processes: Adsorption and desorption, Langmuir isotherm, BET isotherm;
Catalysis: mechanisms, apparent activation energies. X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, Auger spectroscopy, ion scattering spectroscopy, low energy
electron diffraction, field emission microscopy, field ionization microscopy,
electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, atom-probe film,
scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy. Corrosion and
electrocapilarity: thermodynamics of the
double layer, the electrocapillary equation. Surface excesses and electric
parameters, excess charge and capacitance, reactive surface excesses. Corrosion
and the stability of metals. Electrochemical energy conversions, Electricity
storage. Electrolysis, electrogrowth of metals on electrodes, hydrogen evolution
reaction, electronation of oxygen.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Crystal Structure Analysis (J.P Glusker and K.N. Trueblood), Fundamentals of Crystallography (C. Giacorazzo), X-Ray Crystallography (G.L. Glasser), Physical Chemistry (P.W. Atkins), Instrumental methods of analysis (H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt Jr., J.A. Dean, F.A. Settle Jr), Modern spectroscopy (J.M. Hollas), Principles of Surface Chemistry (G. Somorjai), Physical Chemistry of Surfaces (A.W. Adamson), Introduction to solid state physics (C. Kittel).
CH
4050 - Applications in Biotechnology (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: Microbial biotechnology: Commercial production of microorganisms. Products from
microorganisms. Metabolites, enzymes, antibiotics, fuels, plastics.
Bioremediation. Oil spills, waste water treatment, chemical degradation, heavy
metals. Plant and animal biotechnology: Applications of genetic engineering,
transgenic animals, transgenic plants, crop improvement, herbicide resistance,
insect resistance, virus resistance, plants as bioreactors, genetically
engineered food; Medical applications: Biodegradable
products and Bio-nondegradable products; Regulation of biotechnology:
Regulations, patents and society.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Waste water engineering, treatment, disposal (E. Metcalf), Biology of sewage treatment & Water pollution control (K. Mudark and S. Kunst).
CH 4051 - Advanced Topics in Gene
Expression and Cellular processes (45L, 3C)
Syllabus: Genomic rearrangements: Programmed and unprogrammed
rearrangements and amplifications, yeast mating types, generation of immune
diversity. Cloning in plant and animal cells; Biochemistry of Disease: Gene
therapy: screening for genetic diseases, development of transgenic models; some
applications of gene therapy: adenosine deaminase deficiency, cystic fibrosis,
muscular dystrophy. Molecular neurochemistry; Cancer: The development and causes
of cancer, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, application of molecular biology
to cancer prevention and treatment. Mechanism of hormone action- specific
examples; Molecular mechanisms of cell function: Cell membranes, Transport
across membranes, Cell signaling, biological response modifiers, general
principles of cell signaling; The cell cycle: The eukaryotic cell cycle. Regulation of cell cycle progression.
The events of M phase. Meiosis and fertilization. Development, differentiation
and programmed cell death.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Molecular cell biology (H. Lodish et.al.), Genes VII (B. Lewin).
CH 4052 - Advanced Immunology and Immunochemistry (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: Basic aspects of immune response, determinants of natural
resistance, immunogenicity and antigens, immunoglobulins; structure and function
at molecular level, polyclonal, subclasses, heterogeneity, affinity and avidity,
biological significance, idiotypes and anti-idiotypes, chimeric antibodies; the
complement system; Immune response system; immune regulation; immunization;
immunologic mechanism of tissue damage. Production of anti bodies; Hybridoma
technology, immunization protocol, in-vitro production, production. Isolation
and characterization. Genetically engineered antibodies and molecules; gene
transfection, expression vectors. Antigen antibody reactions; kinetics, computer
simulations, clinical applications and limitations; as diagnostics and
therapeutics agents; antibodies in cancer therapy. Reagents for diagnostic
technology; analytical methodology for immunoassays, diagnostic kits, kit
configuration, chemical basis for design, automation, quality assurance and
control, trouble shooting, cost effectiveness, evaluation of commercially
available kits, current research and developments. Clinical immunology and
immunopathology, immune deficiency, immunocytochemistry.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Immunology (J. Kuby).
CH 4053 – Microbial Biochemistry (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus:
Fermentation process, Purification and characterization of fermentation
products; The biochemistry of fermentation producing antibiotiocs, amino acids,
alkaloids, organic acids, ribonucleotides, vitamins and food additives; Chemical
transformations of microbes; mode of action of antibiotics and microbial toxins;
The fermentation process: the basic functions of a fermenter, computer
applications in fermentation technology; aeration and agitation; the oxygen
requirements of industrial fermentations, determination of KLa
values, factors affecting KLa values
in fermentation vessels; the recovery and purification of fermentation products;
Microbial growth kinetics: Theory of secondary metabolism, The isolation
preservation and improvements of industrial microorganisms. The use of
recombinant systems for the improvements of industrial microoraganisms. The
improvements of media for industrial fermentations; carbon and nitrogen sources,
vitamins and minerals, buffers, oxygen requirements, antifoam
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Microbiology fundamentals and applications (R.M. Allas), Principles of Fermentation Technology (P.F. Stanbury and A. Whitaker), Biochemical Engineering (J.M. Lee).
CH 4070 – Pharmaceutics II (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus:
Sterile Delivery
System; Parenteral Preparations; Design of facilities and environmental control;
Personnel; Ophthalmic products; Controlled drug delivery; Designing of Drug
Delivery Systems; Aerosols; Chemical Kinetics, Drug Stability and Stability
Prediction; Biopharmaceutics; Mechanisms of drug transport; Biological
Pharmaceuticals.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy (L.Lachman, H.A. Lieberman and Kanig), Physical pharmacy (Alfred, James and Arther), Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems (H.C. Ancel, Papovich and Allen), Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics (L. Shergel, B.C. Andrew and Andrew B.C. Yu).
CH 4071 – Pharmacology II (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus:
Prescribing and prescriptions; risk benefit assessment, compliance, ethical
issues, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, essential drugs, therapeutic
drug monitoring, drug information, promotion of drugs, advise to patients, drug
history, pharmacy prescribing, health education, communication; Pharmacology and
therapeutics: endocrine system, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system,
respiratory system, renal system, central and peripheral nervous system;
Pharmacology and therapeutics of the anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs used in
rheumatic diseases; Pharmacology and therapeutics of dermatological disorders;
Pharmacology and therapeutics of iron deficiency anaemia and megaloblastic
anaemia; vitamins and minerals, misuse of vitamins; Pharmacology and
therapeutics of intravenous fluids; Pharmacology and therapeutics of the
vaccines and sera; Pharmacology and therapeutics of the anticancer drugs;
Pharmacology and therapeutics of poisoning; antidotes; Pharmacology and
therapeutics of eye and ear, nose and throat diseases; Biological aspects of
drug development, toxicity testing, chemical trials and drug registration.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (Goodman and Gilman), Martindales’ Extrapharmacopoea.
CH 4072 – Pharmacognosy (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: General Aspects, origin and scope of pharmacognosy,
Different systems of medicines practice in Sri Lanka. (Allopathy, Ayurveda,
Unani & Siddha, Homeopathy etc); Herbals in Medicine & Cosmetics; Drugs
of natural origin: Classification: Alphabetical, Morphological, Taxonomical,
Therapeutical & Chemical; Taxonomic basis of modern pharmacognosy; Chemical
and physical properties of natural products of pharmaceutical and therapeutical
importance; Different processes of extraction of drugs; Marine drugs;
Biosynthesis of plant constituents of pharmaceutical and medicinal interest;
Screening Techniques; Pharmaceutical Botany. The global background of the use of
medicinal plants.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Text book of pharmacognosy (Trease and Enans),
Text book of pharmacognosy and pharcobiotechnology (J.E. Robberts, M.K. Spedie
and V.E. Tyler), Text book of pharmacognosy (Kulkarni).
CH 4073 – Advanced Pharmaceutical Chemistry II (30L, 2C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: Drugs acting on cardiovascular system: Antiarrhythmics,
antianginals, antilipidemics, ACE inhibitors, antihypertensives, anticoagulants;
Drugs affecting the Central Nervous System: The structure-activity relationships
and molecular conformation of CNS transmitter substances, analgesics,
antiepileptics, sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, anti-Parkinson agents,
antidepressants, stimulants; Drugs acting on the respiratory tract:
Aminophylline, Beclametasone, Epinephrine, Salbutomol; Antiemetic drugs:
Dexamethasone, haloperidol, metaclopramide, prochlorperazine; Antithyroid drugs:
Iodide, levothyroxine, methimazole; Antihistamines: Cimetidine,
promethazine, ranitidine, chlorpheniramine, famotidine ; Chemistry
of vitamins: Vitamin A1, Vitamin B1, B2, B6,
B12, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin D,
vitamin E; Stereoisomerism and pharmacological activity; Physical
Pharmacy: Solubility of drugs, ionization of drugs in solution, diffusion of
drugs, drug stability.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Bently and Driver’s textbook of pharmaceutical chemistry (L.M. Atherden), Modern inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry (C.A. Disher, T. Medwic and L.C. Baily), Physical Pharmacy (A. Martin, P. Bustamante and A.H.C. Chen), Hand book of Pharmaceutical excipients (A. Wade and P.J. Walker).
CH 4074 – Quality Control, Statistics and Computer Applications (45L,
3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus:
Quality assurance of
pharmaceuticals: pharmacopoeial monograph, literature collection, data handling
and expression of analytical results; Documentation and record keeping;
Official, international and national guidelines of testing parameters of
pharmaceuticals; sources of quality variation; Development of quality
specifications; Statistical methods in pharmacy and quality assurance;
Presentation of sample data; measures of central tendency; Probability
distributions; Sampling; Estimation; Confidence intervals for the mean for the
difference of two means (independent populations). The pairing of samples,
confidence intervals of paired data. Confidence intervals for the difference of
two populations (independent populations) with application; Hypothesis testing;
Regression theory; Statistical design of experiments and statistical evaluation of data:
Clinical trials, planning (protocol design), microbial testing, statistical
design of experiments, statistical evaluation of data. Validation of analytical
procedures: Standardization of reagents, characteristics of analytical
procedures, use of chemical reference substances. In-process control; Quality
Control of finished pharmaceutical products; Computer applications: Spread sheet
applications, Molecular modeling in
drug discovery, Deriving and using pharmacophores, molecular docking, structure
based methods to identify lead compounds, quantitative structure activity
relationships.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Gaussian 98 users reference (Afrisch, M.J Frisch), Microsoft Excel users manual. Additional reading materials will be announced during the course.
CH 4075 – Pharmaceutical Law and Ethics (30L, 2C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: Pharmaceutical law; National Law: Medicinal Ordinance – Registration of Pharmacists, Poisons, Opium
and Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, Cosmetics, Devices and Drugs Act 1980,
Regulations and their Amendments, Food Act, Excise Act, Fair Trading Commission
and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals (consumer protection Act); International Law:
Convention on narcotic drugs, Convention of psychotropic drugs, Other
legislation affecting the practice of pharmacy; Miscellaneous Legislation:
e.g. Health and Safety Legislation, Consumer Protection Laws Acts on Trade;
An awareness of the regional legislation, their relationship to national
legislation. Concept of a Profession and their Regulatory Councils, Professional
responsibilities: standards of conduct and practice including the “code of
ethic” of the profession; World Health Organization Criteria of Ethical Drug
Promotion, Sri Lanka Medical Association (SLMA) Ethical criteria for the
Promotion of Medicinal Drugs and Devices in Sri Lanka, International Federation
of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (IFPMA) Code, Code of Conduct for
Medical Representatives put out by the Sri Lanka Chamber of Pharmaceutical
Industry; SLMA Declaration on Health, Alma ATA Declaration (WHO), Health for All
Vision of the WHO.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Cosmetics, devices and drugs Act and regulation thereof, Poison, Opium and dangerous drugs ordinance, Medical ordinance, Medical ethics and practice-A guide for pharmacist –Royal pharmaceutical society of Great Briton.
CH 4076 – Pharmaceutical Management and
Administration (30L, 2C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: The administration and organization of drug supply and
pharmacy services in State sector and private pharmacies. Principles of storage:
Refrigerated Cold chain monitors; Policy and legal framework; Drug management
cycle viz., Selection, Procurement, Distribution, Use; Management support
systems viz., Organization and Management, Financing and sustainability,
Information Management Human Resources Management; Basic principles of
industrial and business management; Basic accounts, financial and cost
accountancy as related to pharmaceutical trade, industry and trial pharmacies,
import and export procedures; Basic aspects of marketing and advertising with
special reference to the pharmaceutical trade; Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and
Local Pharmaceutical Industry
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Managing drug supplies-World health organization, Manual of management of drugs – Ministry of health, Sri Lanka.
CH 4077 – Pharmacy Practice (60P, 2C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus: The students should undergo supervised period of practical training in following areas at recommended institutions. Industrial pharmacy, Hospital pharmacy, Community pharmacy and Pharmaceutical quality assurance.
Assessment: Interview and continuous assessment.
Suggested readings: Will be announced during the training.
CH 4090 – Advanced Molecular Modeling (15L, 1C)
Dependencies: CH 3028 required.
Syllabus: Energy minimization and related methods for exploring the
potential energy surfaces, Non derivative minimization methods, derivative
minimization methods, first order and second order minimization methods,
selection of suitable minimization methods, calculation of thermodynamic
properties, molecular dynamic simulation methods, Monte Carlo simulation
methods.
Assessment: End of semester examination.
Suggested Readings: Molecular modeling (A.R. Leach).
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo,
P.O. Box 1490, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka.
Tel : (9411) 2583105-7, Ext.225 Fax : (9411) 2503148, (9411) 2587239
This website designed and maintained by Prof. K. M. Nalin de Silva.
Last Updated September 2007