PH 3001: QUANTUM MECHANICS I (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: PH
1001 is recommended
Syllabus:
Inadequacies of classical physics and evolution of quantum
physics; Particles and wave packets; Heisenberg uncertainty
principle and its consequences, some illustrations of uncertainty
principle; Wave function and its interpretation, position
probability density, superposition principle; Time-dependent
Schrodinger equation; Conservation of probability, probability
current density; Dirac bracket notation; Linear operators
and their properties: eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of operators,
Hermitian operators, adjoint operator; Expansions in eigenfunctions:
Orthogonality, degeneracy, probability amplitudes, discrete
and continuous spectra; Commutators, commuting observables,
compatibility; Expectation values; Time-independent Schrodinger
equation, stationary states; Energy quantisation; Properties
of the energy eigenfunctions; General solution of the time-dependent
Schrodinger equation; Solutions of the time-independent Schrodinger
equation for a particle moving in a region of zero potential,
step potential, barrier potential, finite square well potential,
infinite square well potential, linear harmonic oscillator
potential and square box potential; Symmetry and parity; One-electron
atoms: separation of the time-independent Schrodinger equation
in spherical polar co-ordinates, energy levels, quantum numbers,
degeneracy, eigenfunctions of the bound states, probability
densities; Orbital angular momentum and orbital magnetic dipole
moment of electron; Stern-Gerlach experiment, existence of
spatial quantisation, spin angular momentum and spin magnetic
dipole moment of electron; Spin-orbit interaction; Total angular
momentum; Spin-orbit interaction energy and the hydrogen energy
levels; Transition rates and selection rules
Assessment: End
of semester written examination
Suggested Readings:
Quantum Physics (R Resnick & R Eisberg), Quantum Physics
(MS Rogalski & SB Palmer), Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
(BH Bransden & CJ Joachain).
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PH 3002: ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS (45L, 3C)
Dependencies:
None
Syllabus:
The earth's atmosphere, composition, temperature profile,
exosphere and magnetosphere; Solar radiation and insolation,
effect of atmosphere, pollution level and turbidity factor,
the solar radiation budget; Dynamic meteorology, motions of
the atmosphere; Thermodynamics of the atmosphere, temperature
inversions and its effects; Greenhouse effect and global warming,
three dimensional climate model; Climate change and sea level
rise, feedback loops; Ozone depletion and its consequences,
preventive measures; Clouds, Precipitation and Water, humidity,
mist and fog, acid rains; Droughts and the E1 Nino effect,
southern oscillatory index; Water pollution, hydrolic loading;
Geophysical environment, earth and its interior, geological
structure, continental drift, earthquakes, volcanoes, landslips;
Physical oceanography: horizontal circulation, Ekman spiral,
geostrophic currents, westward intensification; Vertical circulation,
wind-induced circulation, equatorial upwelling, coastal upwelling,
Langmuir circulation, thermohaline circulation, surface circulation,
Gulf stream eddies, deep water masses; The earth's electrical
environment, atmospheric electricity, cloud electrification
and thunderstorms, lightning hazards and protection; Air pollution,
detection techniques, recommended buffer zones, Pollution
due to electric fields & electromagnetic radiation, potential
hazards of weak alternating fields & microwaves; Sound
& vibration, acoustics of buildings, reduction of noise,
Sri Lanka standards, supersonic waves, inaudible sound and
vibration, measurement of vibration; Energy sources &
their impact on the environment; Policy making; Environment
Impact assessment (EIA) – physical aspects; Field visits to
industrial sites exposing students to real environmental problems.
Assessment:
End of the semester written examination
Suggested Readings:
Air pollution (M N Rao and H V N Rao), Atmospheric Science
- An introductory Survey (J M Wallace and P V Hobbs), Fundamentals
of Environmental Pollution (K Kannan), Environmental Air Analysis
(P R Trivedi and G Raj), Climate and the Environment - The
Atmospheric Impact on Man (J F Griffiths).
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PH 3003: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER HARDWARE (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: PH
1003, PH 2001 and PH 2002 are strongly recommended
Syllabus:
Number systems and codes, BCD and ASCII codes. Logic gates.
Designing of combinational logic circuits, Minimization of
logic expressions using algebraic and Karnaugh map methods,
Minterm and maxterm expressions, Construction of a Full adder,
Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexes, Demultiplexes, and theirs
applications, Characteristics of TTL, ECL, PMOS, NMOS and
CMOS gates, Open collector devices, Sequential logic circuits,
Flip-Flops as a memory element, S-R, J, K, and Master-Slave
Flip-Flops, D and T Flip-Flops, Applications of Flip-Flops,
Asynchronous circuits, Registers, Shift registers, Serial
and parallel data transfer (SISO, SIPO, PISO, and PIPO) Pseudo
random number generators and scrambling-discrambling of information,
Frequency division and counting, Asynchronous (ripple) counters,
Counters with Mod numbers, Up counters, Down counters, Up/Down
counters, IC Asynchronous counters, Digital arithmetic in
the 2S complement system, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,
and Division of numbers. Parallel binary adder, Complete parallel
adder with registers, Carry propagation IC parallel adder/subtractor,
Binary multiplier. Integrated Logic Circuits families, TTL
series, Tristate TTL devices, Bus-oriented devices, MOSFET
and CMOS series, CMOS Transmission gate IC interfacing TTL
Driving CMOS and NMOS, CMOS Driving TTL, Analysis of synchronous
circuits, State diagrams, Synthesis of synchronous circuits,
Transition-excitation tables, Memory systems, Digital data
communication.
Assessment:
End of semester written examination.
Suggested Readings:
The Art of Electronics (Paul Horowitz and Wind field Hill),
Digital Systems, (Ronald J. Tocci)
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PH 3004: NUCLEAR PHYSICS (45L, 3C)
Dependencies:
None.
Syllabus:
General survey of radioactive decay; Half Life; Series Decay;
Artificial Radioactivity, Applications of Radioactivity; Biological
effects of radiation; Alpha decay; Barrier penetration; Fine
structure of Alpha spectra; The theory of Alpha decay; Systematics
of Alpha decay; Rutherford scattering, Beta decay; Experiments
on the neutrino; Systematics of Beta decay; The Fermi theory
of Beta decay; Electron and positron energy spectra; Electron
capture; The neutrino mass; The theory of Gamma decay: Internal
conversion; Nuclear isomerism; Nuclear sizes and nuclear masses;
The distribution of nuclear matter in nuclei; The masses and
binding energies of nuclei in their ground states; The semiempirical
mass formula; The Beta stability valley; The masses of the
Beta stable nuclei; The energetics of Alpha decay and fission;
Ground state properties of nuclei; The liquid drop model;
Nuclear potential well, Introduction to shell model; Magic
numbers; Nuclear chart; Power from nuclear fission; Induced
fission; Neutron cross sections for U235 and U238; The fission
process; The chain reaction; Nuclear reactors; Radioactive
waste; Nuclear fusion; The sun; Hydrogen burning; The passage
of charge particles through matter; Energy loss due to ionization;
Passage of Gamma rays through matter; Introduction to particle
physics; Nomenclature and Catalogue of particles; Conservation
laws; Introduction to quarks and basic interactions in nature;
Brief introduction to nuclear detectors.
Assessment: End
of semester written examination.
Suggested Readings:
The Atomic Nucleus (J.M. Reid), Nuclear Physics (S.B. Patel),
Atomic Nucleus (Hygens), Nuclear Physics (Burcham), Introductory
Nuclear Physics (Puri & Babbar), Introduction to Nuclear
Physics (Cottingham & Greenwood), Elementary Particles
(Thorndike), The Fundamental Particles (Swartz).
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PH 3005: MEDICAL PHYSICS (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: None
Syllabus:
Bio mechanics; Forces on and in the human body, Physics of
the functions of important organs; eye, ear, lungs, heart
and central nerves system, Physics of different measuring
instruments used in diagnosis; blood pressure, heart beat,
body temperature, Application of Physics in diagnostic techniques;
ultrasound scanning; ECG, EEG, CT scanning, NMR imaging (MRI
scanning), Use of Lasers and optical fibers in medicine, Hazards
of EM radiation; biological damage. X-rays; production of
X-rays and their applications in radiography, Radiation; interaction
of radiation with matter, radiation units, radiation detectors,
maximum permissible dose, radiation damage, radiation protection,
Nuclear medicine; radio nuclide imaging, Radiotherapy; external
beam therapy, Barchytherapy, unsealed-source therapy, dosimetry,
Treatment planning; selection of treatment technique, determination
of dose/ time/volume relationship.
Assessment:
End of semester written examination
Suggested Readings:
Biomedical instrumentation and measurements (L. Cromwell,
F.J. Weibell and E.A. Pfeiffer), Medical Physics (J.R. Cameron
and J.G. Skofronick), Radiation protection of patients (Wootton),
The Physics of Radiology (H.E John), The Physics of medical
imaging (S. Webb)
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PH 3006: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS (15L, 1C)
Dependencies:
PH 1003 and PH 2001 are strongly recommended
Syllabus:
Introduction to ICs The 741 Op Amp and its constituent building
blocks, Small signal analysis of the input and the output
stages of 741, CMRR, Current mirrors and Voltage shifters,
Basic properties of Op Amps, The Golden Rules, Slew rate,
Frequency response, small signal Equivalent circuit for Op
Amp, Linear Op Amp Circuits; Inverting and non-inverting configurations,
Current and Voltage amplifiers, A.C. Amplifier, Bootstrap
connection, Electronic ammeters and Voltmeters, Instrumentation
amplifier, Phase shift circuits, Integrators and Differentiators,
Nonlinear Op Amp Applications; Logarithmic amplifiers, Rectifier
circuits, Holding circuits, Clamping an limiting circuits,
Voltage regulators, Voltage multipliers, Comparators, Schmitt’s
trigger, Oscillators and waveform Generators; The 555 timer,
Active Filters, Introduction to Data Conversion Circuits;
D/A and A/D converters.
Assessment:
End of semester written examination.
Suggested Readings:
Operational Amplifiers with linear Integrated Circuits (W.D.
Stanley), Microelectronic Circuits (Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth
C. Smith), The Art of Electronics (Paul Horowitzs and Windfield
Hill)
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PH
3008 : Astronomy (45L, 3C)
Dependencies:
None. (Recommended for students with good mathematical background.)
Syllabus:
Development of astronomy; The solar system: origin,
constituents-planets, moons, asteroids, comets; Planetary
motion: Kepler's Laws, parallax and measurement
of distances to the planets, Titius - Bode Rule, variation
of earth's orbit around the sun, existence of extra terrestrial
planets; Structure of stars: The sun as a star, equations
of stellar structure, energy sources, rates of thermonuclear
reactions, Schwarzschild’s model, Chandrasekhar limit;
Masses and radii of stars: measuring techniques, study
of binaries; Stellar evolution: Virial Theorem, Jean’s criterion,
dynamical collapse of a protostar, nucleosynthesis, white
dwarfs, neutron stars, red giants, supernovae, black holes,
pulsars, X-ray and Gamma ray sources, variable stars, Cepheid
variables; Luminosity and magnitude of stars: apparent magnitude,
measurement of apparent luminosity, surface temperature, colour,
UBV and RGU systems, absolute magnitude; Hertzsprung-Russell
diagram; Galaxies: classification of galaxies, Milky way and
the Local Group, measurement of distances to galaxies; Cosmology:
Big bang and isotropic models of the universe, inflation in
early universe, other cosmological models, gravitational red
shift, Hubble Law, gravitational lenses, quasars, dark matter;
Celestial co-ordinates and guide to use star charts, precession
of the earth's axis, concept of time, star catalogues; Astronomy instrumentation: optical telescope
types, photography, CCD imaging, image processing, spectrographs
and spectroscopy, radio telescopes; orbiting optical, infrared,
X-ray and gamma ray telescopes; planetary probes.
Assessment:
End of semester written examination.
Suggested
Readings: Astrophysics (K D Abhyankar), Astronomy (John
D. Fix), Universe (Kaufmann & Freedman), Astronomy (J
N Bhar).
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PH3010:
MICROCONTROLLERS AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN (15L, 30P, 2C)
Dependencies:
PH 1021, PH 2001, and PH 2021
are strongly recommended
Objective:
The aim of this course is to provide basic a knowledge together
with some hands on experience on the use of microcontrollers
in electronic design, and an understanding of the role of
microcontrollers in electrical appliances in everyday environment.
After completing the course students will be able to design,
and develop devices to satisfy specific requirement in industry,
or in research.
Syllabus:
An overview on microprocessors, Introduction to microcontrollers,
Hardware structure and concept of microcontroller, Sensors
and transducers, Introduction to CPLD (Complex Programmable
Logic Device), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and VHDL
(Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language),
Introduction to software environment; programming IDE (Integrated
Design Environment), programming languages, programming techniques,
Microcontroller programming and hardware synthesis; inputs,
outputs, logical operations and masking, analogue to digital
conversion, interrupts, output-compare, input-capture and
pulse width modulation, serial communication, peripheral drivers
Assessment:
End of semester examination/Assignment
Suggested Readings: Embedded C Programming
and the Microchip PIC (Richard H. Barnett, Larry O'Cull),
HDL Chip Design: A Practical Guide for Designing, Synthesizing
& Simulating ASICs & FPGAs Using VHDL or Verilog (Douglas
J. Smith)
PH 3020: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LABORATORY
(60P, 2C)
Dependencies:
PH 1021 and PH 2021 are strongly recommended
Syllabus: This
practical course focuses on providing the student with hands-on
learning in computing through relevant laboratory work. The
course involves exercises on computing such as computer programming,
circuit design and analysis using standard software packages,
computer simulations and microcontroller base experiments.
Each student is expected to prepare an individual practical
report. The maximum number of practicals possible will be
conducted within a semester.
Assessment:
Continuous assessment and end of semester laboratory examination
Suggested Readings:
Refer practical instruction sheets.
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