PH
- Physics Special Degree
EP
- Engineering Physics Special Degree
CP
- Computational Physics Special Degree
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Available in the
first semester |
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Course
is conducted throughout the academic year |
PH 3021: Computational Physics Seminar (30P, 1C)
Dependencies:
CS 1001 and CS 1002 are strongly recommended
Syllabus:
This course focuses on improving the self-learning and presentation
skills of students. Students are supposed to study a specific
topic in the area of Computational Physics and present their
finding at a seminar.
Evaluation:
One-hour seminar based on a summary report
Suggested Readings:
Depends on the topic selected by the student
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PH 3030: Advanced Physics Laboratory I (180P, 6C)
Dependencies:
PH 1020 and PH 2020 are strongly recommended.
Syllabus:
Offered only to the Physics Special students. This course
is focused on the methods of experimental Physics. Particular
emphasis is placed on three aspects of experimentation: laboratory
techniques, including both the execution and the documentation
of an experiment; data analysis, including the treatment of
statistical and systematic errors and computer-aided analysis
of experimental data; and, written communication of experimental
procedures and results. The concepts and skills of conducting
experiments will be given gradually through a series of physics
experiments. Statistical packages will be used for the analysis
of the experimental data.
Assessment:
Evaluation will be through continuous assessment
Suggested Readings:
Refer the practical instruction sheets
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PH 3051: Instrumentation Physics (45L, 3C)
Dependencies:
PH 1001, PH 1003, PH 2001, PH 2002, PH 2003 and PH 3004 are
recommended
Syllabus:
An introduction to instrumentation physics; Transducer as
an electrical element; Modeling a transducer; Connecting transducer
to circuit elements; Types of transducers/sensors: temperature
transducers, optical transducers, displacement transducers,
flow sensors, pressure sensors, strain gauges, electromagnetic
induction transducers; Charged particle optics: charged particle/ion
sources, ion/mass analyzers, magnetic ion deflector, quadrupole
ion filter, time-of-flight technique, ion cyclotron resonance;
Ion maneuvering techniques/devices: electrostatic lenses,
electrostatic ion reflectors, time lag focusing technique,
single ion selection techniques; Ionization detectors: ionization
chamber, proportional counter, Geiger-Müller counter, multi-wire
proportional chamber, drift chamber, time projection chamber;
Scintillation detectors: types of scintillators and their
properties, photo multipliers, light guides, practical aspects
of scintillation detectors; Semi-conductor detectors: detector
characteristics of a semi-conductor, Si-diode detector, position
sensitive detector, Ge-detector, important parameters in the
operation of semi-conductor detectors; Charged particle detectors:
electron multiplier, channeltron, multi-channel plate; Charged
coupled devices; Imaging techniques; Physical properties of
vacuum: vacuum units, vacuum regions, flow regions, Knudsen
number; Flow of gas through vacuum systems: conductance, coupling
of conductance of tubes, effective pumping speed, general
pump down equation; Sources of gas within a vacuum system;
Mechanical pumps: rotary vane pump, rotary piston pump and
lobe pump; High vacuum pumps: diffusion pump, turbo-molecular
pump, cryogenic pump, ion pump; Vacuum gauges: thermal conductivity
gauges, ionization gauges, hot cathode gauges, cold cathode
gauges; Leak detection.
Assessment:
End of semester written examination
Suggested Readings:
Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments (W.R.
Leo), Sensors and Transducers (Ian R. Sinclair)
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PH 3032: Embedded System Laboratory (90P, 3C)
Dependencies:
PH1021, PH2021 & PH2001 are strongly recommended
Syllabus:
Introduction to PIC microcontrollers: development cycle , language tools, simulators emulators and debuggers, programmers (hardware / software), boot loaders;
Handling built-in peripherals: IO ports, interrupts, UART and serial communication, MSSP, PWM/Capture/Compare, ADC, analogue comparator, timers/counters, EEPROM, Flash memory;
External Peripheral Integration: LED, SSD, switch, keypad, LCD, stepper motors, etc…;
PCD Designing and constructing: schematic capture (Capture SIS), PCB art work Designing(Layout plus), PCB construction;
Assessment:
Continuous assessment
Suggested Readings:
Embedded C Programming and the Microchip PIC (Richard H. Barnett, Larry O'Cull)
Porject website
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PH 3052: Electromagnetic Fields I (45L, 3C)
Dependencies:
PH 2003 is strongly recommended
Syllabus:
Maxwell’s equations, scalar potential, Poisson’s and Laplace’s
equations, uniqueness theorem, electrostatic potential energy,
Boundary – Value problems in electrostatics; method of images,
method of inversion, boundary – value problems with azimuthal
symmetry, boundary – value problems in cylindrical and spherical
coordinates, mixed boundary conditions, Time varying fields;
conservation laws, vector and scalar potentials, gauge transformations,
Poynting’s vector, Electromagnetic Waves; wave equation, dispersion
of em waves, em waves in unbounded isotropic medium and good
conductors, characteristic impedance, pressure of em waves,
em waves in plasma and plasma frequency, em waves in ionosphere,
Reflection of em waves; boundary conditions, Fresnel’s relations;
reflection at air/dielectric interface, reflection at air/good
conductor interface, Electromagnetic Radiation; radiation
fields, radiated energy, Hertz potential, electric and magnetic
dipole radiation, radiation from an accelerated charge, antennas,
Wave guides; cut – off frequency, modes of propagation, wave
impedance, Transmission lines; equation of telegraphy, characteristic
impedance, voltage standing ratio, impedance matching and
stub lines.
Assessment:
End of semester written examination
Suggested Readings:
Classical Electrodynamics (John David Jackson), Classical
Electricity and Magnetism (W.K.H. Panofsky and M Philips),
Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems (Edward C. Jordan,
Keith G. Balmain)
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PH 3053: Statistical Physics (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: PH1004
is strongly recommended
Syllabus:
Basic probability theory, binomial distribution, fluctuations.
Laws of Thermodynamics; second law and third law; Kinetic
Theory of Gases; Maxwellian distribution, phase space and
Boltzman canonical distribution. Statistical Mechanics; Basic
concept of statistical mechanics, Boltzman, Fermi-Dirac and
Bose Einstein statistics, statistic of classical limit, statistical
mechanical interpretation of equilibrium state. Thermodynamics;
statistical mechanical interpretation of the zeroth law and
first law, reversible change, application of first law to
statistical mechanics, statistical mechanical interpretation
of second law, Carnot's theorem, absolute thermodynamical
temperature scale, Gibb's paradox, thermodynamic potentials,
Maxwell's relations, application of thermodynamics to surface
tension, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Claussius-Clapeyron equation,
vapour pressure curve, statistical mechanical interpretation
of third law of thermodynamics, Quantum Statistics; Quantum
statistics of gas like assemblies, statistical mechanics of
ideal gases, statistical mechanics of conduction electrons
in a metal, Fermi energy, Fermi temperature, thermal capacity,
energy, pressure, degenerated Fermi gas, white dwarf stars,
statistical mechanics of equilibrium radiation, Planck's formula,
Wein's law, Stephan's law, pressure exerted by equilibrium
radiation, energy emitted by a black body, thermodynamics
of black body radiation.
Assessment:
End of semester written examination
Suggested Readings:
Heat and Thermodynamics (Gupta & Roy), Thermodynamics
& Statistical Physics (Zemansky), Statistical Thermodynamics
(Gupta)
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PH 3054: Semiconductor Devices and Optoelectronics (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: PH
2002 and PH 3001 are strongly recommended
Syllabus:
Crystal structure of solids, Basic quantum mechanical concepts
in crystalline solids, Semiconductors: The extrinsic semiconductor,
Statistics of donors and acceptors, Charge neutrality, Fermi
level, Carrier transport phenomena: Carrier drift and diffusion,
Graded Impurity Diffusion, Non equilibrium excess carriers
in semiconductors: Carrier generation and recombination, Surface
effects, The p-n Junction: Basic structure of the p-n junction
in equilibrium, Charge carriers in semiconductors, Zero applied
bias, Reverse applied bias, Non-uniformly doped junctions,
The p-n junction diode: Ideal current-voltage relationship,
Small-signal model of the p-n junction, Generation-recombination
currents, Junction breakdown, Solar cells, The tunnel diode,
Metal-semiconductor and semiconductor hetero-junctions: The
Schottky barrier diode, Metal-semiconductor ohmic contacts,
The bipolar transistor: The bipolar transistor action, Minority
carrier distribution, Low-frequency common base current gain,
Equivalent circuit model, Frequency limitations, Large-signal
switching, Fundamentals of the MOSFET: The two terminal MOS
structure, Capacitance-voltage characteristics, The basic
MOSFET operation, Frequency limitations, MOS Technology, The
junction field effect transistor: JFET concepts, The device
characteristics, Equivalent circuit and frequency limitations,
Optoelectronics: Semiconductor hetero-structures, Optical
absorption, emission and refraction processes in semiconductors,
Light-emitting diodes, Semiconductor optical detectors, Optical
modulators, Semiconductor lasers
Assessment:
End of semester written examination
Suggested Readings:
Semiconductor Physics and Devices (Michael Shur), Optoelectronics
- An Introduction (J. Wilson, J.F.B. Hawkes)
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PH 3055: Data Acquisition and Signal Processing (45L, 3C)
Dependencies: PH
2001 is strongly recommended.
Syllabus:
Elements of a computer controlled Data Acquisition system;
Signals and Systems; continuous and discrete-time signals
and their properties, Noise sources; spectral density and
circuit calculations, pile-up effects, signal to noise ratio,
Interference control and selectivity; passive and active filters,
filter circuit design, ideal and non-ideal frequency selective
filters, Sampling; reconstruction of signals, aliasing, discrete-time
processing of continuous-time signals, Signal processing electronics;
energy measurements, equivalent circuits of detectors, signal
termination, charge amplification, voltage and current amplification,
Timing methods and systems; leading edge trigger, zero crossing
trigger, constant fraction trigger, Signal conversion electronics;
Digital to Analogue Converters, Voltage to Frequency Converters,
Analogue to Digital Converters, Time to Amplitude Converters,
Time to Digital Converters, Multichannel Analyzers, Basic
computer system organization, Microprocessor architecture;
machine language and assembly language representation, computer
arithmetic, Memory devices; semiconductor ROMs and RAMs, ROM
applications, Static and Dynamic RAMs and their operations,
input/output, Interfacing devices to the IBM PC; essentials
of serial and parallel interfacing, interfacing sensors, signal
conditioning, Microcontrollers; microcontroller applications
in the laboratory, Computer controlled electronics; examples
of data acquisition systems.
Assessment: End
of semester written examination
Suggested Readings: Techniques for Nuclear
and Particle Physics Experiments (W.R. Leo), Digital Systems
(R.J. Tocci), Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and
Applications (R.S. Gaonkar), Interfacing Sensors to the IBM
PC (W.J. Tompkins and J.G. Webster)
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PH 3057 : Mathematical Physics I (45L, 3C)
Dependencies:
AM 1001, AM 1002, AM 1003, AM 1004, AM 2001, AM 2002, AM 2005
Syllabus:
Scalar and vector fields; potential theory, curvilinear co-ordinates.
Partial differential equations and boundary conditions; method
of separation of variables. Gamma and Beta functions. Analytical
mechanics; generalized coordinates, forces and momentum, D’Alembarts
principle, Lagrange and Hamiltonian equation of motion. Vector
spaces: bases and co-ordinates, linear operators, change of
bases, eigenvectors, diagonalization, principle axis transformation,
Dirac notations, completeness relation, simultaneous eigenstates,
unitary transformation, Schrödinger and Heisenberg equation
of motion. Generalized eigenvalue problem; simultaneous reduction
of two quadratic forms. Vibrating systems; oscillations with
2 or 3 degrees of freedom and many degrees of freedom, normal
co-ordinates, harmonic oscillator, Hermite polynomials. Problems
involving spherical and cylindrical systems; solution of Laplaces’
equation in spherical and cylindrical polar coordinates, potential
problems. Sturm-Liouville theory on orthogonality functions.
Dirac delta functions; properties, representations of delta
functions, delta sequences and their properties. Variational
method: Euler-Lagrange equation, applications, Hamiltonian
principle, problems with constraints, Rayleigh-Ritz method.
Assessment:
End of semester written examination
Suggested Readings:
Mathematical Physics (E Butkov), Mathematical Methods for
Physicists (G Arfken), Applied Mathematics (FB Hiderbrand).
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CS3052
Neural Computing (30L /30P,3C)
Dependencies:
CS1001, CS1002, CS2001, CS2002
Syllabus:
Comparison of conventional and neural computation, Overview
of network architectures and learning paradigms, The McCullough-Pitts
model, The Hebb rule, Perceptrons and their limitations, The
sigmoid output function, Hidden units and feature detectors,
Training by error backpropagation, The error surface and local
minima, Generalisation and cross-validation, Hopfield energy
function, Hopfield nets for optimization, Topographic maps
in the brain, The Kohonen self-organising feature map.
Assessment:
Assignments and written examination
Suggested
Readings: Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation,
2nd Edition, Simon Haykin, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0132733501,
1998, Neurocomputing, R. Hecht-Nielsen, Addison-Wesley Press
, Neural Computing Architectures, I. Aleksander, North Oxford
Academic Press , Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition,
Christopher M. Bishop, Chris Bishop, Oxford University Press,
ISBN 0-19-853864-2,2000.
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